What is emotional needs Click to read more. Jul 9, 2021 · Emotional needs are different than the basic needs we need to survive. Aug 12, 2025 · Emotional needs are quiet requests to feel valued, understood, and cherished, so talk openly about what fills your cup and invite your partner to do the same. They are the Emotional Needs Questionnaire, the Love Busters Questionnaire, and the Marital Problem Analysis. Despite our unique personalities and backgrounds, we all share fundamental emotional needs that drive our feelings Oct 18, 2024 · Explore the six core emotional needs, their impact on mental health, and strategies for fulfillment across life stages and cultures. Aug 27, 2024 · Explore the emotional development stages from infancy to adolescence and learn how to support growth at each key stage of a child's life. Sep 22, 2023 · The Power of Emotional Needs in Consumer Purchases: Insights from Two Studies Abstract In two studies conducted in 2023, we analyzed the emotional needs influencing over 2,000 consumers’ buying decisions. 2015). May 23, 2023 · Emotional intimacy matters most because it forms the foundation of a healthy relationship; nurture safety, trust, and vulnerability through present, distraction-free conversations to feel seen and deepen your connection. Learn to identify, understand, and fulfill your emotional needs for improved well-being and relationships. You were born with a set of essential emotional needs. The study revealed that an impressive 86% of consumers’ buying choices were… Aug 13, 2024 · Emotional intimacy is the foundation of a deep, fulfilling connection between partners. Find out what they are and how to meet them in order to enrich your life today. Apr 14, 2025 · What Happens When Emotional Needs Aren’t Met? When these core needs go unmet, it’s like a seed that doesn’t get enough water or sunlight—it doesn’t die, but it doesn’t grow right either. 11 to be exact. Bipolar affective disorder. Maslow’s pyramid starts with basic physiological and safety needs at its foundation Aug 2, 2021 · Here are your five core emotional needs and advice for how to use them to re-connect with yourself. When you choose to listen, care, and stay emotionally engaged, you create a relationship where both of you can thrive. Dec 4, 2019 · But understanding more about the emotional needs of the elderly can be a great step towards helping to provide the best possible support you can. There's no point in trying to make your marriage great if you don't know what it needs. Practice listening with empathy to strengthen trust, reflect back what you heard, and share your own feelings calmly. This article contains List of top 10 emotional needs of a woman and a man in a relationship that I’ve learned from the book “His Needs, Her Needs” by Willard F. Oct 18, 2024 · Explore the key components of social-emotional needs, their impact across life stages, and strategies for addressing them to enhance well-being and relationships. For instance, older adults tend to be more emotionally stable than their younger counterparts. From the day they're born children have certain strong emotional needs. Learn how understanding your schemas can improve mental well-being and relationships. Social development refers to a child’s ability to create and sustain meaningful relationships with adults and other children. See full list on healthline. If your marriage feels emotionally off, don’t panic—but don’t ignore it either. Feb 4, 2025 · Discover the power of embracing and expressing emotional needs, and learn how to find deeper affection, support, and connection in your relationships. Mar 12, 2025 · When these needs go unmet, couples may feel disconnected, unseen, or even resentful. Oct 14, 2019 · Why should you care about your emotional needs? Well, getting these consistently met and knowing exactly what they are for you is the only way to become a happy, healthy, stress-free adult. Nov 17, 2025 · Dr. Her warm, strengths-based approach helps clarify learning, attention, developmental, and emotional needs in a supportive and accessible manner. The You will learn the special psychosocial needs of the elderly and strategies that can be used to help you give person-centered care. Behavioural and emotional disorders in children. Final Thoughts Emotional neglect can have far-reaching consequences for a child’s well-being. Nov 12, 2024 · Emotional needs in relationships are the underlying elements that shape emotional well-being and security between partners. When these needs are met, we feel fulfilled, resilient, and connected. Mar 12, 2025 · Here are ten core emotional needs in relationships and how you can meet them effectively. It organizes human needs into five levels: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. It includes physical touch, kind words, thoughtful gestures, and other small ways that partners express love and care. The Need for Secure Attachment Secure attachment is vital for Aug 14, 2023 · Being an online relationship therapist in Yorkshire – one theme that consistently emerges is the concept of core needs. Mar 18, 2025 · Emotional needs are frequently defined as the components that make you feel happy and fulfilled in your relationship. It’s only recently that the epidemic of childhood emotional neglect has been acknowledged, so most of us have suffered in silence. Review Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as well as the other theories of motivation in this Crash Course video. They are innate, integral parts of our sense of self, influencing our behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. If they receive the message that their feelings are unacceptable, unwanted or bad their core emotional needs are not met. Nov 14, 2023 · Childhood emotional neglect can cause long-lasting effects throughout someone's life. Harley and that will help you improve your relationship greatly. Oct 18, 2024 · Explore the six core emotional needs, their impact on mental health, and strategies for fulfillment across life stages and cultures. Schemas are deeply ingrained patterns—almost like emotional blueprints—that form based on those early experiences. It is about being able to be oneself in the relationship, without feeling the need to compromise one's values or happiness. Basic Human Emotional Needs Here are some of the basic human emotional needs expressed as feelings. 1. When you meet his or her most important emotional needs, your spouse Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a conceptualisation of the needs (or goals) that motivate human behaviour, which was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. Kailey Olzack is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in assessments for children and families. These nine basic needs of a child go beyond the obvious and support children's physical, emotional and mental well-being. Oct 18, 2024 · Discover the 10 crucial emotional needs for healthy child development, from love and security to autonomy and respect. Individuals with this schema often feel that they are too much for others to handle, or that their needs are too overwhelming or burdensome. Emotional needs refer to feelings or conditions that humans need to feel happy, loved, and satisfied. Nov 10, 2025 · Struggling in your relationship? You could be experiencing emotional neglect in your marriage. Understanding Emotional Needs Emotional needs play a vital role in your overall well-being. Feelings such as emptiness, loneliness, hopelessness and overwhelm may be founded in unmet emotional needs. When they meet those needs for each other, they create the greatest happiness, and trigger a mutual feeling of love. Here are the 5 categories. Sep 1, 2020 · This post details the most common types of customer needs you should be aware of, and provides examples of each to further your understanding. Mar 1, 2022 · Emotional neglect occurs when there is a repeated pattern of ignoring, minimizing, or disregarding someone’s emotional needs. Learn how to communicate them effectively to your partner to get them met. May 19, 2021 · The needs or conditions that need to be fulfilled for an individual to feel fulfilled, happy, or at ease are emotional needs. Around 40% of married couples are divorcing every year in the USA. In this article, we will explore and outline the four basic emotional needs of the elderly, allowing you to enhance their well-being and create a Jun 27, 2023 · Key points Examples of emotional needs include the needs for security, warmth, support, and acceptance. Struggling to feel like yourself? Learn how identifying emotional needs can help you reconnect, set healthy boundaries, and feel more grounded. A trip together sparks Jul 23, 2019 · Emotional self care is essential for emotion regulation and wellbeing. They stick with us into Oct 18, 2024 · Discover the 10 crucial emotional needs of women in relationships, from security to commitment. May 19, 2021 · Emotional needs are as basic as biological needs for human beings and these needs should be fulfilled for individuals to behave in a healthy way. Child Mind Institute offers help with low self-esteem, anxiety, and learning issues. By understanding the signs of emotional neglect and the crucial emotional needs of a child, we can work towards creating a society that fosters emotional well-being in our children. It also shows that SEL reduces problem behaviors and emotional distress that interfere with the learning and development of some students. . In almost all of these cases, you will find that the situation is about an unmet need, such as an unmet emotional need for security and safety, or for a sense of belonging and significance, or for personal freedom, etc. So let’s consider some different emotional needs in a relationship and how to meet them. Nov 6, 2025 · 4. Article-at-a-Glance Background: A comprehensive, systematic litera-ture review and original research were conducted to ascertain whether patients’ emotional and spiritual needs are important, whether hospitals are effective in addressing these needs, and what strategies should guide improvement. Find strategies and more. Jan 8, 2024 · View All Images Prioritise emotional needs of your partner in a relationship. Feb 15, 2016 · Today's schools are increasingly multicultural and multilingual with students from diverse social and economic backgrounds. It will take you some time to complete them for each other, but you'll find that the time you spend will be well worth it. In order to provide them with the support and care they deserve, it is crucial to understand what these emotional needs are. Definition of Emotional Needs Emotional needs refer to the psychological requirements essential for emotional health. Foster your child's well-being today. Jul 22, 2025 · Maslow's hierarchy of needs organizes human needs into five categories: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Learn how to identify and promote healthy relationships, resilience, and positive mental health in young children. Jul 23, 2019 · The nine emotional needs are: security, volition, attention, emotional connection, connection to the community, privacy, a sense of status, a sense of achievement, and meaning. As we age, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that we are meeting the emotional needs of our elderly loved ones. Jul 19, 2023 · If you’ve found yourself pondering, “What are my emotional needs?” then this pre-quiz article is perfect for you. These strategies can also make your work more pleasant. Nov 18, 2023 · The deeper the needs the higher the impact. Social and emotional learning (SEL) provides a foundation for safe and positive learning, and enhances students' ability May 31, 2024 · Identify your top emotional needs in your relationship. Feb 5, 2020 · The 10 most common emotional needs were identified by Harley after interviewing numerous couples (Harley, 2001). Over the weeks ahead, we will look at what each of these emotional needs are, and how we can find ways to get each need met. While all humans share these needs, each differs in the strength of the need, just as some of us need more water, more food or more sleep. Learn what partners can and can't do emotionally. Jan 26, 2024 · What happens when our emotional needs go unmet? Find the answer and learn how to fulfill them in this heartfelt and honest exploration. Read on to Assessment Brain-Based Learning ChatGPT & Generative AI Classroom Management English Language Learners Learning Environments New Teachers Research Student Engagement Teacher Wellness Technology Integration Topics A-Z Pre-K K-2 Primary 3-5 Upper Elementary 6-8 Middle School 9-12 High School Our Mission Core Strategies Meet the Team Our Contributors Newsletters Write for Us Contact Us Frequently Mar 28, 2025 · Giving emotional support is a way of showing care and compassion. It can make a significant difference to a person's well-being. Belonging Abuse is when these needs go unmet AND they are poisoned for the child to the point where seeking emotional needs becomes associated with fear and danger. mortal conduct is driven at this position by the need for emotional connections. In this blog post, I’ll be exploring what emotional capacity is and offering some tips on how to manage your own emotions, so that you can prevent emotional burnout and overwhelm. Core needs include security, connection, self-esteem, achievement, and […] May 23, 2024 · Identifying your needs worksheet For each of the mentioned core emotional needs, evaluate what you feel is missing in your life. Learn the signs of emotional neglect in children and adults and how to heal. Emotional and psychological well-being is crucial in comprehensive healthcare Patient perspectives provide valuable insight into their unique needs Emotional support is a fundamental component of comprehensive treatment plans Empathetic listening skills and building trust and rapport are essential in effective communication in patient care. These include: Love: The need for affection, care, and connection with others. com Jul 15, 2025 · Beyond the basic physical needs, every human being has emotional needs—deep, often unspoken desires that drive our behaviors and shape our mental health. What is emotional support and why you might want to learn how to give and receive emotional support? Discover how to build an emotional support system here. Dissociation and dissociative disorders. Link to Learning Check out this interactive exercise that illustrates some of the important concepts in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Improve your well-being. Jul 21, 2024 · This table provides a high-level overview of common emotional needs. A lot of my work is unwinding the fear from particular emotional needs. Teach social and emotional skills intentionally Helping children develop social and emotional skills is the heart and soul of any good program for young children (Gordon & Browne 2014). 1 One might feel dissatisfied, hurt, or frustrated when these needs are not fulfilled. Nov 18, 2024 · Learn about the emotional needs of a child and 25 simple and actionable ways parents can build emotional intelligence at home. The Emotional Pyramid of Needs Susan David, PhD, is a founder and co-director of the Institute of Coaching at McLean Hospital of Harvard Medical School, an Instructor in Psychology at Harvard University, and the author of, among other books, Emotional Fragility, Get unstuck, embrace change, and thrive in work and life. Nov 25, 2019 · Childhood emotional neglect is a failure of parents or caregivers to respond to a child’s emotional needs. Scientists and psychologists have identified the fundamental givens of human nature which everyone needs to have satisfied in their life if they wish to function well. Image courtesy: Adobe Stock While it’s true that physical intimacy plays a vital role in a relationship, emotional needs can’t be ignored or neglected. Discover evidence-based tools and strategies used to evaluate children's social and emotional well-being. I’ve listed them below. [1][2] According to Maslow's original formulation, there are five sets of basic needs that are related to each other in a hierarchy of prepotency (or strength). May 27, 2020 · Offering emotional support typically involves asking questions, listening, and then providing validation and the type of support a person needs, whether physical closeness or something else. To understand needs, many people refer to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, a theory in psychology developed by Abraham Maslow. Needs exist independently of trends and remain relatively stable across societies. This type of neglect can have long-term consequences, as well as short-term, almost May 25, 2023 · Key takeaways: Childhood emotional neglect occurs when a parent or caregiver fails to provide for a child’s emotional needs. By connecting feelings to needs, you take charge of them, so they don’t unconsciously take charge of you. Our behavior is often based on core needs, whether it’s certainty, significance or growth. Eating disorders. Everyone has emotional needs, and a healthy relationship requires Jan 20, 2023 · The eight common needs of the elderly include family support, home safety, medical needs, cognitive health, mobility and personal hygiene. Jul 22, 2025 · Understand the emotional needs of men and how meeting them strengthens love and connection. How to Use the List of Feelings and Needs Identify Your Feelings Reflect: Pause and ask, “What am I feeling right now?” […] Mar 18, 2025 · Emotional needs are frequently defined as the components that make you feel happy and fulfilled in your relationship. Feb 12, 2013 · There are six human needs you must satisfy. Often visualized as a pyramid, this hierarchy suggests that human motivation progresses from basic survival needs to complex psychological and self-fulfillment goals. Everyone has needs. These needs encompass a range of psychological desires, including the need for validation, appreciation, affection, and emotional support. When your most important emotional needs are met by your spouse, he or she deposits the greatest possible number of love units into your Love Bank, and you experience a feeling of love toward your spouse. There is widespread agreement about the nature of our psychological or emotional needs, uncovered by decades of health and social psychology research. Mar 12, 2023 · Psychologist explains what core emotional needs are in psychology, and their lesser-known impact on our mental health. Adults who have experienced emotional neglect as children can benefit from acknowledging their experiences, developing self-compassion, and seeking support. Sep 24, 2025 · Learn about examples of emotional neglect, how it can present in adulthood, and a pathway to healing. There are five core emotional needs that are necessary for healthy emotional development in children. These can depend on the person, of course, but some common examples of what is needed for relationship success include a need for acceptance, commitment, quality time, and emotional support. Use this list to help identify your feelings and the underlying needs that generate them. You can assess your emotional needs scores over time, to monitor how your emotional needs scores and mental health are doing. Defining emotional capacity – what it is and why it’s important Emotional capacity is an important aspect of understanding emotions from a holistic perspective. Enhance your understanding of early relational health and its impact on Emotional Needs Audit (ENA) When a person is getting their innate physical and psychological needs met in a balanced way they will be mentally healthy (unless they are also traumatised or brain damaged in some way). Jul 4, 2023 · One of the most important aspects of a partnered relationship is the emotional needs in a relationship. As you can see then, emotional needs have a lot to do with relationships. Emotional needs are often the most neglected requirements. Core needs are the essential components of our psychological and emotional well-being. They’re templates that you were born with which can be adapted to the environment. Learn how to nurture fulfilling partnerships. Just as we have physical needs we also have emotional needs. Typically, the hierarchy is depicted in the form of a pyramid Research clearly demonstrates the significant role of SEL in promoting the healthy development and academic achievement of all students. Read about SEL in schools and how SEL skills affect academics. Having your emotional needs met can contribute to relationship satisfaction and overall Jun 27, 2023 · Key points Examples of emotional needs include the needs for security, warmth, support, and acceptance. Here, two marriage therapists define emotional neglect—and explain how to deal with it. Gain expert insights and practical tips from our latest blog post. In schema therapy, we call these distortions schemas. Aug 1, 2025 · Download the Unmet Emotional Needs Worksheet to help patients identify and address emotional gaps effectively. These conclusions are reflected in my book His Needs, Her Needs where I explain how couples build romantic love by learning how to meet each other's most important emotional needs. This is your genetic inheritance. Learn which one of these 6 human needs is your primary driver. Freedom to express valid needs and feelings Children need to be able to express their feelings, thoughts and needs and have a nurturing and understanding response from their carers. Apr 16, 2025 · Emotional self-care is the act of nurturing and tending to your inner feelings and emotions. Mar 9, 2025 · Emotional development in adulthood is influenced by early life experiences, temperament, social relationships, health, and cultural contexts, shaping emotional regulation and overall well-being throughout life stages. Discover our guide on core emotional needs. Here's why & how to fulfill the emotional needs in your life, starting with the basic need for certainty May 12, 2025 · Emotional Needs Are the Heart of a Healthy Marriage Meeting each other’s emotional needs isn’t about perfection—it’s about intention. Despite our unique personalities and backgrounds, we all share fundamental emotional needs that drive our feelings Oct 23, 2025 · Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow. Why do you feel like this need is not being met? What is stopping you from fulfilling these needs? When was the last time that you remember this need was fulfilled? How did it feel then? May 27, 2020 · Offering emotional support typically involves asking questions, listening, and then providing validation and the type of support a person needs, whether physical closeness or something else. Read More What are Core Psychological Needs? Dec 12, 2013 · Whilst emotional needs aren’t always valued in the workplace, many people would say that they prefer a work environment that is both friendly and supportive, rather than one that is bullying and excluding. Read more on our article. The need to feel autonomous Another important emotional need in relationships is the sense of autonomy. Let’s now delve deeper into each need to unpack why it’s important and how to satisfy it effectively. Physical and emotional bonds are interdependent, so invest in honest conversations, trust, and shared vulnerability to keep both sides growing. This form of child maltreatment can involve shaming, criticizing, dismissing, humiliating, or ignoring a child. Some people fear being "needy," so they try to deny that their emotional needs are important Apr 30, 2023 · What are 5 mental health examples? Anxiety disorders. Here, read what are emotional needs, their importance, and the list of emotional needs in a relationship. Nov 12, 2025 · Support the emotional needs of a child with learning disabilities. Recognizing and addressing these needs fosters healthier relationships and personal fulfillment. Emotional development is a child’s ability to express, recognize, and manage his or her emotions, as well as respond appropriately to others’ emotions. PEACEFUL Nov 26, 2021 · In order for social and emotional learning to deliver maximum impact, it needs to be integrated into daily classroom routines and practices, not taught separately. For help with your emotional needs, visit a therapist trained in Human Givens therapy. Know that you already have the resources you require to meet these needs. As you prepare to take the quiz, we’d like to guide you through this intricate forest, enlightening you on what to expect, why it matters, and how to interpret and Jan 20, 2023 · The eight common needs of the elderly include family support, home safety, medical needs, cognitive health, mobility and personal hygiene. Everyone has emotional needs, and a healthy relationship requires Feb 21, 2024 · Social needs Maslow’s scale of conditions lists love, acceptance, and belonging as social requirements. See what the experts have to say about the emotional needs of a child by age and how we can support them through all ages and stages. Oct 13, 2009 · Gaining clarity on what your personal needs are, what your marital needs are as well as how and where to get your needs met has a huge impact on the direction you take in your marriage. And the percentage of single adults today is around 45%. It’s absolutely vital that you do all you can to meet these needs in balance as best as you can. 3 days ago · It’s important for partners to fulfill their needs in a relationship, but there are some they can't fulfill. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Sep 20, 2021 · What is a need? Everyone has their own unique set of emotional needs, that are the product of your upbringing, your genetic predisposition, your identity, and other individual factors. Mar 10, 2021 · Many of us had our physical needs met in childhood while suffering with unmet emotional needs. Affection is the foundation of emotional intimacy. We talk about them all the time in Schema Therapy, but what do they really mean? In this 3 minute video, Jess gives a quick overview of the 5 categories of needs. Understanding your emotional needs in a relationship is crucial to its survival. Among the particulars that fulfill this demand are: Bonds with friends Attachments that are romantic ties within the family Community and social clubs; Churches and other places of worship; People need to feel Oct 18, 2024 · Discover the power of emotional needs questionnaires. Feb 26, 2024 · The emotional deprivation schema centers around the belief that your emotional needs—such as the need for attunement, reassurance, love, and support—will never be adequately met in your relationships. Understanding emotional needs can help strengthen your relationship by fostering deeper connection, reducing misunderstandings, and creating a sense of mutual support. Nurturing your emotions and processing any frequent negative emotions can help you decrease stress, calm your nervous system, cope with tough situations, and boost your mood. Research indicates that SEL programming significantly raises test scores while it lowers levels of emotional distress See how social-emotional learning programs help kids build self-awareness and interpersonal skills. Emotional Changes in Old Age There are many emotional effects of aging, and many of them are positive. This essential component of a strong relationship not only enhances the bonds between couples but also FEELINGS Feelings are bodily felt experiences and tell us about our needs being met or not met, and about what we are observing, thinking and wanting. If you want to complete the Human Givens Emotional Needs Assessment, visit our Health Assessment Page and select the form. With experience in schools and therapeutic programs, she bridges educational and clinical perspectives to provide clear, practical Think about any situation where your emotional response was more intense than seemed to be warranted by what was happening. The same is true for your spouse. When a person's natural emotional needs are met May 31, 2024 · Discover the five key psychosocial needs of the elderly and learn practical strategies to support their well-being and quality of life. Fewer and fewer people are willing to Everyone has needs. Depression. Educators and community agencies serve students with different motivation for engaging in learning, behaving positively, and performing academically. The following is a list of those top ten needs, along with some examples and Feb 5, 2025 · Discover the five core emotional needs in Schema Therapy and how unmet needs shape emotional patterns. It makes the environment of your long-term care community healthier. Taking steps to address these issues can help you live a more fulfilling life. 5 days ago · This article explains practical ways to support a man's emotional needs while still protecting your own boundaries, creating balance, clarity and deeper connection. Paranoia. One person may need more freedom and independence, another may need more security and social connections. Types of Emotional Needs: 1) Security: In Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Safety and security come under basic human needs. Some people fear being "needy," so they try to deny that their emotional needs are important Sep 3, 2024 · Emotional needs are the driving forces behind our emotions, wants and desires. Mutual care grows through regular check-ins and shared moments, so create small rituals to reconnect, celebrate Aug 14, 2018 · As human beings, we have basic needs in order to remain healthy and stable. These fundamental needs, rooted in our experiences and relationships, significantly impact our thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. What are two mental needs examples? Some examples of emotional needs might include feeling appreciated, feeling accomplished, feeling safe, or feeling Sep 4, 2024 · In this article, we explore signs that indicate you’re not meeting your fundamental needs. What are our five core psychological needs? Understanding and addressing our core psychological needs lie at the heart of fostering psychological wellbeing and resilience. Teachers (and all caregivers) play key roles in helping children develop social and emotional competence (Kostelnik et al. You will learn how the use of these strategies can make residents happier and healthier—and make them feel better about themselves. Explore the concept of unmet emotional needs—core needs identified by schema therapy and Maslow, the mental-health consequences of emotional neglect, and research-backed strategies for recognizing and fulfilling these needs in adulthood. Here are ten core emotional needs in relationships and how you can meet them effectively. Check out these simple emotional self care ideas to add to your everyday self care routine - mental health, stress relief Jul 11, 2022 · Gain insights into assessing social-emotional development and protective factors in early childhood. Over time, emotional neglect causes negative impacts on someone’s mental health, self-esteem, and ability to form close, healthy relationships. The Need for Secure Attachment Secure attachment is vital for Aug 11, 2025 · Beyond physical survival, emotional and psychological needs like companionship, safety, and self-esteem also play a significant role. These needs and These physical needs are intimately bound up with our emotional needs — the main focus of human givens psychology, and the basis of Emotional Needs and Resources Theory. Exploring our emotional needs is like venturing into a deep forest of self-understanding and personal growth. Identify emotional needs, understand what they mean, and take positive steps to fulfill them with practical, heart-centered strategies for emotional well-being. About the What happens when emotional needs are not met in addiction recovery? According to Maslow, not having your emotional needs met can be at the core of conditions such as anxiety, depression… and addiction.