Exosomes in cancer diagnostics Jun 16, 2021 · Exosomes, microscopic cellular containers, contain tremendous information about their parent cells, and MD Anderson researchers are using these tiny particles as tools for cancer screening, diagnosis, therapy and treatment monitoring. In particular, cancer derived exosomes likely serves as biomarker for early detection of cancer as they carry the cargo reflective of genetic or signaling alterations in cancer cells of origin [14–16]. Hence, improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are a pressing need. Red line and cross bar: Inhibit; Green arrow: Promote. In addition, exosome‐based drug delivery strategies in preclinical and clinical trials have been shown to dramatically decrease cancer development. In recent years, exosomes, the small vesicles produced by all cell types, have been identified as contributors to cancer growth and metastasis. Due to the lack of effective diagnostic markers, PaCa is often diagnosed during late metastatic stages. Additionally, exosomes can potentially act as early stage disease diagnostic tools as the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated with a specific disease. Aug 26, 2021 · The released exosomes have an approximate diameter of 40 to 160 nm (average ~ 100 nm) (4). In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer. To enhance patient outcomes, sophisticated multifunctional approaches are imperative. Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, with high recurrence and metastasis rates. For example, a recent study combining exosome microRNA panels with cell-free DNA markers achieved a 97% detection rate for early-stage pancreatic cancer, a disease notoriously difficult to diagnose early The role of exosomes in esophageal cancer. Background Exosomes are 40-100 nm extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are actively secreted by almost all cells. Because of its non-invasive nature and high specificity and sensitivity, exosome-based diagnosis is becoming an important approach Apr 10, 2025 · ABSTRACT Cancer seriously threatens the lives and health of people worldwide, and exosomes seem to play an important role in managing cancer effectively, which has attracted extensive attention from researchers in recent years. Exosomes carry a mix of proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell Jan 19, 2024 · We also highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the utility of exosomal biomarkers in different types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Exosomes are involved in tumor progression, promoting the Jul 8, 2025 · Recent Advances in Exosome-Based Cancer Diagnostics Liquid Biopsy Applications: Exosome-based liquid biopsies have rapidly advanced as a promising diagnostic tool across multiple cancer types. Apr 1, 2025 · Advancements in exosome isolation technologies are pivotal for transforming personalized medicine and enhancing clinical diagnostics. Keywords: exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), biogenesis, exogenous factors, release, molecular cargoes, diagnostics, biomarkers Apr 7, 2016 · The first blood-based cancer diagnostic to exploit free-floating exosomes became commercially available in the US on January 21. Furthermore, exosomes can be detected and isolated from various body fluids for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This review shows that exosomes originating from CRC cells can be taken as a new research area for cancer diagnosis and medical treatment because these exosomes are linked to tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and tumor cell survival metastasis. This review highlights the vast clinical applications of exosomes. Exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles, enhancing the targeting and efficacy of anticancer treatments, modulating the immune system, and facilitating gene editing to suppress tumor growth. Exosomes have a clear Mar 24, 2023 · Here the authors report the diagnostic performance for early detection for multiple cancers using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) profiles of exosomes from a single blood test and Clinical oncology urgently needs more specific and helpful new biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles encased in lipid bilayers that are generated by a variety of cells, both normal and malignant. With the development of rapid large-scale production, purification, extraction and screening of exosomal contents, exosomal protein application can be explored for early stage cancer diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis evaluation. Biogenesis and molecular content of exosomes in cancer The biogenesis of exosomes starts when the cell membrane internalizes to form an early endosome. Sep 15, 2022 · We will also discuss the potential use of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies for multiple cancers. PubMed, MEDLINE advanced search builder and Geenmedical was used for this review’s literature search. Aug 3, 2025 · ABSTRACT Exosome-based therapies represent a pioneering frontier in cancer treatment, leveraging the natural cellular communication mechanisms encapsulated in exosomes. Jul 1, 2021 · However, the potential translation of these emerging technologies for research and clinical settings remains unknown. Firstly, we provide a biological overview of exosomes and their relevance in cancer biology. Jan 19, 2024 · We also highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the utility of exosomal biomarkers in different types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Dec 5, 2024 · This review discusses the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, addresses the current challenges in their clinical translation, and highlights recent technological advancements and integrative approaches that support the role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review seeks to serve as an inspiration for new ideas and research in the never-ending fight against cancer. Molecular profiling of pediatric solid tum… Exosomes may deliver molecules that are able to induce the transdifferentiation process, known as “epithelial to mesenchymal transition”. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In contrast, immune cell-derived exosomes can exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting tumor proliferation, dissemination, and metastasis. Oct 11, 2024 · Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes (LCCDEs) have gained attention for their involvement in the development of cancer, as well as their potential for use in diagnosing, treating, and predicting the outcome of lung cancer. Jan 1, 2024 · Exosomes possess characteristics that make them potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy, offering the potential for disease early diagnosis and therapy efficacy monitoring without the need for tissue samples. Current methods for diagnosing cancer can be invasive and costly. Furthermore, the applications of exosomes as direct therapeutic targets or engineered vehicles for drugs are an important field of exosome study. Feb 18, 2022 · Additionally, the roles of exosomes serving as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis prediction of cancer are summarized. High throughput, low response time, and accurate control of liquid flow are advantages of microfluidic devices compared to traditional technologies, which often Aug 20, 2024 · Exosomes are regarded as having transformative potential for clinical applications. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. As tumor cells are primarily responsible for the production of tumor-derived exosomes that contain chemicals which reflect the properties of the parental tumor cells (13), they may exhibit potential as diagnostic markers for tumors (14). Overall, exosomes show great promise as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring. demonstrated that exosomes can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or prognosis, highlighting their importance in of them in a clinical context [15]. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally located Jan 19, 2024 · Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are produced by cells and contain a range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Jan 1, 2022 · Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing. Because of active targeting and specificity, exosomes are capable of delivering their cargo to exosome-recipient cells. Jan 12, 2017 · Abstract Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30-120 nm size ranges. For instance, exosome contents have been utilized as biomarkers in body fluids Their tissue-specific targeting ability, mediated by surface molecules, enables precise transport of biomolecules to cancer cells. The Special Issue ‘ Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy ’, published as part of the section ‘ Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics ’, comprises of a total of 15 articles, including 4 original research articles and 11 review articles. However, the currently utilized methods are invasive and cost-effective. The presence of exosomes in urine, serum, plasma, lymph, or cerebrospinal fluid from the healthy person or cancer patient The exosome research field has exploded in the last decade, and Exosome Diagnostics has remained at the forefront of the field, developing the world’s first liquid biopsy tests using exosomes. Jul 8, 2025 · A game-changing cancer diagnostic tool, tumor-derived exosomes increase cancer treatment capacity via more or less invasive means. Exosomes have the ability to transform cancer diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, providing promise for more efficient and individualized. Here, we explore the potential of exosomes as innovative therapeutic agents, including cancer vaccines, and their clinical relevance as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. The integration of exosomes into clinical practice could revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy, improving patient outcomes. Jun 19, 2025 · Notably, exosomes may play a role in intercellular communication. Keywords: drug delivery, immunotherapies, nanobiology, patient‐targeted therapies Selectively, loading specific oncogenic molecules into exosomes highlights exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Abstract Cancer research has found a novel foothold in studying exosomes, the 40–140 nm membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells as molecular messengers. They originate from intracellular polycystic bodies and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Aug 29, 2017 · However, previous studies on exosome application in cancer diagnosis and treatment mainly focussed on miRNAs. Due to their important roles, exosomes have been considered as promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosing various illnesses have gained significant investigation due to the high cost and invasive nature of current diagnostic procedures. Finally, we provide an overview of exosomes currently under review in clinical trials and provide insight on future challenges. Recently, the effective roles of exosomes as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been Jul 11, 2024 · In addition, we discuss clinical applications of exosomes in the context of cancer biology. Discover how exosomes are transforming cancer treatment through enhanced immunotherapy, non-invasive diagnostics, and targeted drug delivery. Exosome-mediated targeted drug delivery as well as a current case study also discussed. Additionally, engineered exosomes are being Sep 19, 2024 · Cancer continues to pose a global threat despite potent anticancer drugs, often accompanied by undesired side effects. Jan 22, 2025 · Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and the development of chemoresistance remains a major challenge during and after its treatment. Jul 1, 2021 · Academic and industrial groups worldwide have reported technological advances in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Oct 1, 2024 · Exosomes are regarded as having transformative potential for clinical applications. It is involved in many processes, including cancerogenesis, metastasis, therapy, mediating drug sensitivity, tumor immune escape, and tumor angiogenesis [10]. Exosomes are related to a class of nanovesicles coated by a bilayer lipid membrane and enriched Sep 1, 2022 · The Special Issue ‘ Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy ’, published as part of the section ‘ Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics ’, comprises of a total of 15 articles, including 4 original research articles and 11 review articles. In cancer therapy, exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. These nano-sized vesicles serve as carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, reflecting the physiological state of their cells of origin, which makes them ideal candidates for targeted cancer therapies and diagnostics Key areas of focus included regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and diagnostic biomarkers. Jan 12, 2017 · In particular, exosomes are valuable sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and resemblance to their parental cells. In this review, we aimed to describe the therapeutic roles of functionalized exosomes in cancer and regenerative medicine. Feb 24, 2025 · This review aims to enable a rapid diagnosis of early-stage cancer by examining the developments and methods used to collect specific cancer biomarkers, namely, exosomes and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), using microfluidic devices. Aug 19, 2024 · Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, have significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential, as accumulating evidence highlights their critical role in intercellular communication and therapeutic applications. Feb 1, 2024 · Exosomes play an important role in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to scientifically visualize exosomes research in cancer (ERC) through bibliometric analysis, reviewing the past, summarizing the present, and Dec 5, 2024 · This review discusses the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, addresses the current challenges in their clinical translation, and highlights recent technological advancements and integrative approaches that support the role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Aug 15, 2025 · The combination of exosome analysis with AI processing has displayed a novel diagnostic approach for cancer and other diseases. Mar 24, 2018 · Purpose of review Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm diameter, secreted from nearly all mammalian cells through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Myriad applications of exosomes in cancer as diagnostic biomarkers, drug delivery carriers, and chemoresistance-related issues have been discussed at length. Jan 7, 2025 · Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by various cell types. It has recently been documented that exosomes modulate cell-cell connectivity by molecules included in the exosomes, leading to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient In this review, we highlight and discuss current progresses on cancer related exosomes and the application of exosomal markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Recent advances allow researchers to engineer exosomes to deliver drugs more effectively, improve disease detection through blood-based tests, and even modify genes using advanced genetic tools. Research of the last decade proposes extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, as a natural source of new biomarkers; Aug 5, 2019 · Recent research has indicated that exosomes obtained from different biological fluids and their contents (proteins, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and lipids) can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Sep 22, 2022 · Exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles released by some cells, contain a cargo of proteins and other biomolecules that can be analyzed to assist the diagnosis of cancer or predict its likely outcome Sep 1, 2022 · The Special Issue ‘ Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy ’, published as part of the section ‘ Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics ’, comprises of a total of 15 articles, including 4 original research articles and 11 review articles. In this review, we provide an overview of the exosome field. They are especially useful in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological diseases because of their capacity to … Oct 1, 2024 · In the realm of cancer diagnostics, EXOs stand out as significant tumor biomarkers, often found in elevated levels in the blood of cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the precision of diagnosing PC using serum and duodenal fluid exosomes. Clinical trials are underway to validate the efficacy of exosomal biomarkers for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and predicting treatment responses. They consist of lipid bilayers containing macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, microRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, and carbohydrates. Jan 20, 2017 · Exosomes, tiny membrane-bound sacs that transport molecules between cells, offer new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A recent study has introduced a sensitive fluorescence technique integrating CD63 aptamers and EGFR antibodies. Of all EVs, exosomes mirror the biological fingerprints of the parental cells from which they originate, and therefore, are considered one of the most promising predictors of early cancer diagnosis and treatment response. As leaders in exosomal technology, Exosome Diagnostics retains more than 250 patents (issued or in process). We review the unique properties and diverse content of exosomes and current methods to isolate them. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. Exosomes are involved in tumor progression, promoting the This review shows that exosomes originating from CRC cells can be taken as a new research area for cancer diagnosis and medical treatment because these exosomes are linked to tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and tumor cell survival metastasis. This work overviews the role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, followed by a survey on emerging exosome technologies, particularly microfluidic advances for the isolation and detection of exosomes in cancer research. Aug 5, 2019 · Recent research has indicated that exosomes obtained from different biological fluids and their contents (proteins, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and lipids) can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Dec 14, 2023 · This article reviews the latest research on exosomes in the field of lung cancer, from the mechanism of lung cancer development, the functions of immune cell-derived exosomes and tumor-derived exosomes, to the early diagnosis of lung cancer. The ExoDx Prostate Test is included in both the NCCN and AUA Guidelines for early detection of prostate cancer. Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter ranging from 30 to Nevertheless, exosome-based diagnostics hold the promise of providing real-time, dynamic insights into tumor progression, enhancing personalized medicine. However, the potential translation of these emerging technologies for research and clinical settings remains unknown. Jan 13, 2025 · This review highlights recent progress in exosome-based drug delivery for cancer therapy, covering exosome biogenesis, cargo selection mechanisms, and their application across multiple cancer types. Given the critical role of exosomes and their cargo in cancer biology, this review explores the intricate processes of exosome biogenesis and uptake, their multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression, and the potential of ex-miRs as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Consequently, exosomes are positioned as ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer (17 – 21). This review discusses the Mar 20, 2025 · Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children, and solid tumors make up 30% of childhood cancers. The ExoDx Prostate test is independent of PSA and other standard of care (SOC) information. In Jan 1, 2021 · Exosomes provide high concentration and protective environment for their cargo, thereby making them superior targets for cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cancer evaluates the potential of exosome content manipulation in the development of novel therapeutics. The terms searched were “exosome” and “esophageal cancer,” and the time period was restricted from 2008 to 2018 In this review, we provide an overview of the exosome field. The composition of exosomes and the associated possibilities of interacting with cells make exosomes multifaceted regulators of cancer development. Exosome-based liquid biopsies offer a noninvasive method for early cancer detection and real-time disease monitoring. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by donor cells and act as mediators of intercellular communication in human health and disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that include exosomes provide hope in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. These secreted vesicles of endocytic origin act as signaling conveyors between cells by shuttling molecular cargo in the form of proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and lipids. Exosomes possess a unique ability to facilitate complex biological responses, which promotes their use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools to treat various diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancer (5). Feb 26, 2025 · Nakamura et al. Finally, the prospects and challenges of applying exosome-based liquid biopsy to precision medicine are evaluated. On the other hand, their biocompatibility, stability, and ability Their tissue-specific targeting ability, mediated by surface molecules, enables precise transport of biomolecules to cancer cells. . The presence of exosomes in urine, serum, plasma, lymph, or cerebrospinal fluid from the healthy person or cancer patient Their tissue-specific targeting ability, mediated by surface molecules, enables precise transport of biomolecules to cancer cells. Methods In this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on the Mar 1, 2025 · Background Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, making early detection crucial for improving survival outcomes. CTLs: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MVB: Intracellular multivesicular body. Apr 15, 2025 · Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging from 30 to 150 nm, that are essential in cell biology, mediating intercellular communication and serving as biomarkers due to their origin from cells. May 15, 2025 · Keywords: tumor-derived exosomes, cancer diagnosis, cancer vaccine, cancer therapy, drug delivery, engineered exosomes Citation: Wang X, Liu Y, Jiang Y and Li Q (2025) Tumor-derived exosomes as promising tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Mar 10, 2025 · Exosomes influence how tumors grow, resist treatments, and escape the immune system, but their role extends beyond cancer to other medical conditions. Particularly, we also emphasize exosome molecular cargoes as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for diagnosis of cancer. The lipid bilayer membrane of the exosomes makes them promising carriers of drugs and other therapeutic molecules targeting prostate cancer. Lack of early diagnosis strategy and a scarcity of efficient therapy constitute the main reasons for its lethality. They are Mar 24, 2025 · Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles that are essential for intercellular communication and have shown great promise in the detection and treatment of disease. Methods Following the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses), searches were Jun 26, 2019 · Recent research has indicated that exosomes obtained from different biological fluids and their contents (proteins, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and lipids) can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on exosomes as biomarkers of cancer. In addition, we discuss clinical applications of exosomes in the context of cancer biology. Jun 30, 2024 · Most cells in the human body can produce exosomes, released into various body fluids such as urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. May 25, 2024 · Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other female reproductive tract cancer. The fluid from these biopsies contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, exomeres, and exosomes. Exosomes, which contain various bioactive molecules, are May 25, 2024 · It addresses the role of exosome contents in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, discusses strategies to limit exosome-mediated ovarian cancer progression, and provides options to use exosomes for tumor-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Through such applications, exosomes offer unprecedented opportunities for early cancer detection, real-time disease monitoring, and therapy customization [10]. Recent studies have underscored the strong connection between exosomes and lung cancer, influencing various aspects of tumor progression, including proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance and angiogenesis. Methods In this multi-phase, multi-center study, we analyzed RNA from exosomes derived from peripheral blood plasma in 818 Feb 14, 2025 · Background Early, non-invasive identification can generally enhance the survival rate for asymptomatic pancreatic cancer (PC). Key areas of focus included regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and diagnostic biomarkers. As small extracellular vesicles, exosomes exhibit high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, making them ideal drug delivery vehicles capable of efficiently targeting cancer cells, minimizing Jan 1, 2025 · Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles and are crucial in intercellular communication. Within the context of TDEs’ use in diagnosis and therapy, the separation and purification of TDEs from other EVs present in biological fluids are critical. Besides surgical resection, no other treatment appears to be effective during earlier stages of the disease. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging between 30 and 150 nm, are secreted into bodily fluids by a variety of cells and play essential roles in intercellular communication. Owing to the differences in the properties of exosomes and microvesicles released through outward budding of the plasma membrane, exosomes have recently received increasing interest. Apr 11, 2023 · The review also shed light on techniques of incubation of drugs with exosomes and their characterization methods covering the most advanced techniques. Keywords: cellular interactions, clinical trials, diagnostics, drug carriers, exosomes, miRNAs, prognostics, siRNAs, therapeutics 1. Research is increasingly investigating exosomes as indicators of breast cancer and as a novel treatment strategy. Aug 3, 2020 · Finally, we depict the commercial development of exosome research and discuss the future role of exosomes in liquid biopsy. Interestingly, tumor-derived exosomes carry oncogenic molecules, such as proteins and microRNAs, which can reprogram recipient cells, promote angiogenesis, and stimulate cancer pre-metastatic niche, supporting cancer growth and metastasis. Feb 13, 2024 · In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor’s genetic and proteomic profile. Mar 19, 2020 · Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the developed world. Conventional anti-PCa therapies are not effective for patients with advanced and/or metastatic disease. Exosomes, small extracellular A standalone, exosome-based prostate cancer test delivering a unique data point to help guide the prostate biopsy decision. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis, their biological functions, and the mechanisms through which they influence Among the many aspects of exosomes in cancers, we will highlight the main mechanisms of exosome biosynthesis, signify the interlocking and bidirectional effects of exosomes in the TME, and address their diagnostic and prognostic values as well as therapeutic potentials. The launch of this 'liquid biopsy' from Exosome Diagnostics of This article reviews the latest research on exosomes in the field of lung cancer, from the mechanism of lung cancer development, the functions of immune cell-derived exosomes and tumor-derived exosomes, to the early diagnosis of lung cancer. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment strategies. Introduction For this review, we first wanted to search papers concerning exosomes. This work overviews the role of exosomes in cancer diag … Finally, the application potential of exosomes in clinical tumor diagnosis and therapy is prospected, which providing theoretical supports for using exosomes to serve precise tumor treatment in the clinic. Exosomes play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Keywords: Exosome, Cancer, Cancer diagnosis, Biomarker, Immunotherapy, Drug delivery 1. This review explores the current applications and prospects of the combined use of exosomes and AI in medicine. Further research and large-scale clinical validation are essential to fully realize the clinical potential of exosome-based biomarker applications in routine clinical settings. However Jun 4, 2025 · Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, have been extensively discovered for their function in various diseases and potential therapeutic properties. The major reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnoses and drug resistance. While their promise is immense, the clinical translation of exosome-based diagnostics and therapies faces significant challenges [11]. Feb 13, 2024 · In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor's genetic and proteomic profile. Jan 12, 2017 · Exosomes carry critical information about their parent cells in the form of signaling molecules, making them promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and other inflammatory Apr 3, 2017 · Here, we review state‐of‐the art approaches in exosome isolation and purification, and describe their potential use in cancer vaccines, drug delivery, and diagnostics. In most cases, cancer therapies fail due to an incomplete depletion of tumor cells, resulting in tumor relapse. The study aims to develop a machine learning-enabled blood-derived exosomal RNA profiling platform for multi-cancer detection and localization. Exosome biogenesis and uptake pathways Feb 26, 2024 · Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from cells, are known to carry important bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This is due to their biological roles and their inherent ability to transport biomolecules from the donor cells. Subject terms: Molecular medicine, Cancer microenvironment, Cancer stem cells, Tumour immunology, Tumour biomarkers Introduction Liver cancer is the fourth most significant cause of cancer-related death. May 11, 2023 · In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Mar 19, 2020 · Exosomes may deliver molecules that are able to induce the transdifferentiation process, known as "epithelial to mesenchymal transition". In regenerative medicine, exosomes facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Aug 7, 2024 · In the era of precision medicine, identifying and validating reliable cancer biomarkers are paramount for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment strategies. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse family of naturally occurring vesicles derived from cells, offer advantages over synthetic carriers. They are considered to be a more even population of EVs, measuring 30–150 nm in diameter. Exosomes have gained substantial attention among emerging candidates as promising carriers of valuable information in cancer research. Oct 8, 2024 · Abstract Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method that uses biofluid samples instead of tissue samples for cancer diagnosis. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that can modify the microenvironment and promote cancer progression, playing significant roles in Dec 1, 2020 · Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is considered an aggressive but still asymptomatic malignancy. Among the EVs, the exosomes are facilitating Exosomes are powerful progenitors in altering target cell phenotypes, particularly in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, with the ability to alter tumor microenvironments and to assist in establishing the pre-metastatic niche. Jul 25, 2024 · Exosome-based liquid biopsy and therapy represent promising advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to utilize exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and therapy selection. Exosomes derived from prostate cancer cells contribute to cancer chemoresistance. These bioactive components play crucial roles in cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, making exosomes potential diagnostic biomar … Apr 13, 2025 · The integration of exosomes into clinical practice could revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy, improving patient outcomes. We discuss the various methods used for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as the different types of biomolecules found within exosomes that are relevant for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosome based liquid biopsy merits consideration over conventional tissue biopsy for following reasons. Apr 1, 2021 · Exosome-based biomarkers have quickly become adopted in the clinical arena and the first exosome RNA-based prostate cancer test has already helped >50 000 patients in their decision process and is now included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for early prostate cancer detection. Exosomes facilitate tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells exchange bioactive chemicals in this dynamic milieu, which helps cancer cells develop immunological tolerance and avoid immune surveillance. Nov 29, 2016 · Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. These vesicles facilitate the transfer of nucleic acids, lipids Aug 5, 2020 · Isolation Exosomes are ubiquitous in healthy or pathological organisms. Exosomes have been implicated in the development and spread of cancer, and recent studies have shown that their contents may be exploited as biomarke … Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. The many roles of exosomes in normal physiology and disease are becoming Functional roles and clinical significance of exosomes and their cargoes in bladder cancer Functional roles in cancer and bladder cancer Exosomes act as intercellular messengers that ferry active biological molecules accumulated from parent cells to target cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally Mar 8, 2024 · Liquid biopsy can detect circulating cancer cells or tumor cell-derived DNA at various stages of cancer.